Independent Development
Server, IP, Domain Name, DNS
Server
Server is a machine that really holds the files. It can be a really computer(or workstation, which simply means a special computer that is very much stronger than a personal computer), while nowadays it was usually a virtual one.
The way to access the server is through IP address.
IP
IP means Internet Protocol. Like the address in the real world, we can go to the building if the address is published clearly, no matter if we had been there (well, theoretically).
IP is just like the address on the internet. It looks like 123.123.123.123 (this is called IPV4 format, Internet Protocol Version 4) or ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:ABCD:EF01:2345:6789 (IPV6, Internet Protocol Version 6). Some digitals in it define the region, maybe countries or something related. Of course it is much more complicated, but for now it can be understood this way.
So with the IP Address, we can access the website like http://127.0.0.1. But we barely do that. What we do is to type the address like this: www.google.com.
Domain Name
www.google.com and some other strings like this are called Domain Name. These names are for being memorized: it is much more simple to remember some words that really mean something than just the meaningless numbers. It was just like we remember people’s names, not there passport numbers.
But in the internet world, domain names must be translated into IP addresses, so the data can be delivered correctly.
Thus comes the DNS.
DNS
DNS, the Domain Name Service, is like a dictionary on the internet, accessible by everyone. When we type domain name in the browser, the name will be looked up in the dictionary to translated into the correct IP addresses. As page viewers or users, we don’t have to care about these things.
They are necessary for website builders, or those who want to setup a website.
The things that are necessary for a website
Server
So in simple words, if we want to setup a website on the internet, we have to got a server first (well, the first thing should develop and test the site, but let’s ignore that part).
Now there are servers free (usually with limited functionalities), and also some servers can be rent in a price not too high.
It s a good start for everyone.
DNS
After getting the server and setting up the website properly, we can access the site through IP address, like http://127.0.0.1.
But it is hard to remember and even ourselves won’t like it this way. So the DNS is necessary, too.
Just as mentioned, the DNS is like a dictionary. A lot of meaningful strings have been taken, so if we want to register a domain name, we have to check if it was taken first.
There are some free DNS on the internet too, still, with some limitations. Paid DNSs normally have acceptable price — as long as we don’t want those special domain names. For example, we can’t register the domain name of Google.
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独立开发
Server(服务器), IP, Domain Name(域名), DNS
Server(服务器)
Server(服务器)是实际装载着网站文件的电脑。它可以是一台真实的计算机（一般会用比个人电脑更强大的工作站），现在多半都已经是虚拟的了。
我们可以通过Server的IP地址来访问它。
IP
IP的全称是Internet Protocol，互联网协议。在真实世界里，我们可以通过详细的地址找到任何建筑，只要这个地址是正确的，我们去没去过都没关系（至少理论上是这样的）。
IP就是网络上的地址。它一般是这个样子的：123.123.123.123 (这种是IPV4格式，V4代表版本4) 或者 ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:ABCD:EF01:2345:6789 (IPV6，版本6)。这里有些数字表示地区，可能是国家或者其它的什么相关的信息。实际上它们的工作原理要复杂得多，不过对于使用者目前这样理解也就够了。
有了IP，我们就可以连接我们的网站，像这样：http://127.0.0.1。但是我们一般不会这样做的。我们一般都是这样写网址：http://www.google.com。
Domain Name
www.google.com和其它一些类似格式的字符串叫做Domain Name(域名)。这些名字比较容易被记住，毕竟我们记一些有意义的单词，要比记住像IP地址那种无意义的数字和字母要容易得多。就像我们会记人的名字，但是不会去记他的护照编号一样。
但是在网络中，域名还是必须得转换成IP才行，这样电脑和程序才能识别。
这就引入了DNS。
DNS
DNS，全称是Domain Name Service（域名服务），就像是一个网络上人人可用的字典。我们在浏览器中输入域名时，程序会自动到这个字典里去找对应的IP地址。作为网页的用户，我们不需要了解这些也可以使用。
对于开发者，和那些想要建立网站的人，这就是必须了解的事情了。
建立网站必须要做的事
Server（服务器）
简单来说，如果我们想建立一个公众可以访问的网站，我们必须首先有一个服务器（当然第一步是我们得开发和测试好我们的网站，不过先忽略这一步）。
现在有一些免费提供的服务器，不过多少会有些限制。租一个服务器也不算很贵，很适合起步。
DNS
像前面提到的，有了服务器，我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1这种方式来连接网站了。
但是这很难记，我们自己也不会这样做。所以DNS也是必须的。
作为网络上公开的字典，很多好的名字和有意义的名字都已经被占用了。所以注册域名之前要先确认是不是可以用。
网上有一些免费的DNS服务，同样也都有一些限制。付费的DNS也不算很贵，只要我们不要去搞那些很特别的名字就行了。
比如我们就不可能注册Google的域名。
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